The emergence of nuclear weapons as a new actor in international relations has introduced a new area in the international security arena. Since the appearance of these weapons, there have been increasing efforts to limit and destroy them in order to achieve global peace in the framework of disarmament and centered around the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Along with the eme...

in the framework of non-proliferation treaty (npt) it has been enumerated three objectives as follow: 1) peaceful use of nuclear energy; 2) non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and 3) nuclear disarmament. the writers in this article have studied and analyzed multilateral aspects of the right of peaceful use of nuclear energy, and interpretation of some npt articles (1, 2 and 4).in the conclusio...

the 56th pugwash conference on science and world affairs opened with a key note address by the italian minister of foreign affairs, massimo d’alema, and the un secretary-general ban ki-moon’s message in bari, italy, on 21 october 2008. in the week-long meeting, the participants discussed a wide array of topics related to regional security issues such as the status of nuclear arms control, the r...

Among the significant issues of the subcontinental region, one can refer to the concern over Pakistan’s inability to maintain the security of its nuclear facilities, the illegal increase in its nuclear weapon production, extremist organizations’ access to nuclear weapons, as well as the fact that this country has not joined the NPT treaty. Meanwhile, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA...

Introduction The collapse of the Soviet Union could result in a variety of nuclear proliferation dangers. Some of the newly independent states (NIS) may retain former Soviet nuclear weapons or develop their own nuclear weapons capability. Others are capable of supplying nuclear weapons and missile equipment, technology, or materials to states outside the NIS. Ongoing conflicts in several region...

The spread of nuclear weapons to potential U.S. adversaries raises important questions for U.S. nuclear strategy and foreign policy. During the Cold War, U.S. nuclear strategy was designed to meet the challenges posed by the Soviet Union, a superpower adversary that deployed an enormous nuclear arsenal and was viewed as a threat to vital U.S. interests. Today the United States faces a strikingl...